It is so named because it was made by 70 men, or by some accounts 72 with 6 from each tribe. There are three main texts of the Old Testament, each giving a different chronology.Ī Greek translation of the Old Testament made in the third century BC. The "Septuagint" AM dates are based on the Byzantine World Era (based on the Septuagint), which placed the date of creation on the 1st of September in 5509 BCE (to the Julian Calendar).Ĭhronology - Timeline of the Biblical Patriarchs The deviation of about 163 years is explained in the article Missing years (Jewish calendar). However, a year of 3925 BCE is sometimes given. The Gregorian date of Creation is generally given as 3761 BCE, based on the Jewish reckoning. The "Masoretic" AM dates given below are those traditionally used by Rabbinic Judaism and found in Seder Olam Rabbah. The chronology of the Bible is the elaborate system of genealogies, generations, reign-periods, and other means by which Hebrew Bible measures the passage of time and thus give a chronological framework to biblical history from the Creation until the historical kingdoms of Israel and Judah. However, according to the Samaritan texts the period is 1,307 years, and according to the Septuagint (Codex Alexandrinus, Elizabeth Bible) it is 2,262 years According to the Masoretic Text, this period consists of 1,656 years, and this dating is also followed by Western Christian Bibles derived from the Latin Vulgate. The net difference between the two genealogies of Genesis was 1466 years (ignoring the "second year after the flood" ambiguity), which is virtually all of the 1500-year difference between 5500 BCE and 4000 BCE.įor example, the period of Creation to the Flood is derived using the genealogical table of the ten patriarchs listed in Genesis 5, and 7:6, called the generations of Adam. The patriarchs from Adam to Terah, the father of Abraham, were often 100 years older when they begat their named son in the Septuagint than they were in the Hebrew or the Vulgate (Genesis 5, 11). The later dates are based on the Hebrew Masoretic text. The older dates are based on the Greek Septuagint. These were calculated from the genealogies in two versions of the Bible, with most of the difference arising from two versions of Genesis. Two dominant dates for creation using such models exist, about 5500 BC and about 4000 BC. Roman Theophilus chronology "from the foundation of the world" to emperor Marcus Aurelius 5529 BCīritain's Bede in his work "On Time" (703AD) dated creation to 18 March 3952 BC Solar cycle (calendar) (28-year solar cycle). Principal considerations for the Byzantine calendar Kyriake was seen as both the first and eighth day of the week, in the same way that Christ was the alpha and omega of the cosmos, existing both before and after time. They began their week with the "Lord's Day" (Kyriake), followed by an orderly succession of numbered days: Deutera ("2nd"), Trite ("3rd"), Tetarte ("4th"), and Pempte ("5th"), a day of "preparation" (Paraskeve), and finally Sabatton. The Byzantines naturally avoided using these Latin names with their pagan echoes. The Roman Calendar had assigned one of the planetary deities to each day of the week. Marcus Rautman points out that the seven-day week was known throughout the ancient world. The interval between sunset and sunrise (nyx) was similarly divided into 12 hours as well as the traditional "watches" (vigiliae) of Roman times."ĭays of the liturgical week - Dr. Evening (hespera) began at the 11th hour, and with sunset came the first hour of night (apodeipnon). The third hour marked midmorning, the sixth hour noon, and the ninth hour midafternoon. "Following Roman custom, the Byzantines began their calendrical day (nychthemeron) at midnight with the first hour of day (hemera) coming at dawn. Hours of the liturgical day - In the Byzantine period the day was divided into two 12-hour cycles fixed by the rising and setting of the sun. Complex calculations of the 19-year lunar and 28-year solar cycles within this world era allowed scholars to discover the cosmic significance of certain historical dates, such as the birth of Christ or the Crucifixion. He also already regards it as the most convenient for the Easter computus. The World era is the common starting point of the astronomical lunar and solar cycles, and of the cycle of indictions, the usual dating system in Byzantium since the 6th century. This makes up 2 sections, its far from a complete short, expanded, PDF & evidentually an Html, with maps, pictures, art, etc.
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